Archive for the ‘Finance’ Category

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The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company (CF&I) was a large steel concern. While it came to control many plants throughout the country, its main plant was a steel mill on the south side of Pueblo, Colorado and was the city’s main industry for most of its history. From 1901 to 1912, Colorado Fuel and Iron was one of the Dow Jones Industrials. The steel-market crash of 1982 lead to the decline of the company. After going through several bankruptcies, the company was acquired by Oregon Steel Mills and recently changed its name to Rocky Mountain Steel Mills. In January 2007, along with the rest of Oregon Steel’s holdings, was acquired by Evraz Group SA, a Russian steel corporation, for $2.3 billion.

Main Office

Several of the administration buildings, including the main office building, dispensary, and tunnel gatehouse were recently purchased by the Bessemer Historical Society. They are currently undergoing renovation, and will eventually house a museum and the CF&I Archives.

Out of the many production and fabrication mills which once existed on the site, only the steel production (electric furnaces, used for scrap recycling), rail, rod & bar, and seamless tube mills are still in operation. The wire mill was sold in the late 1990s to Davis Wire, which still runs it and produces products such as fence and nails under the CF&I brand name. In the fall of 2006, expansion plans for the rail mill were announced. Once completed, the mill will be able to produce rail lengths of up to 480 feet (up from the current 80 feet), lengths currently possible only in a few European plants.

The facility operated a number of blast furnaces until 1982, when the bottom fell out of the steel market. The main blast furnace structures were torn down in 1989, but due to asbestos content, many of the adjacent stoves and support buildings still remain. The stoves and foundations for some of the furnaces can be easily seen from Interstate 25, which runs parallel to the plant’s west boundary. In addition to the blast furnace/open hearth steelmaking process, CF&I also used the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process for a number of years. This process was later replaced by electric arc furnaces (EAF). Currently, two EAFs are used at the facility to convert scrap to steel billets of various sizes. The billets are then distributed to the three steel finishing facilities (rail mill, rod & bar mill, seamless tube mill) for processing into the various finished products.

Other Holdings

Through the process of vertical integration, the company came to own more than just the main steel plant. Over the course of a century, CF&I operated coal mines throughout southern Colorado, as well as iron mines in Wyoming and Utah, limestone quarries, smaller mines for other materials going into the steel making process, and the Colorado and Wyoming Railroad. The Colorado Supply company store was also owned and operated by CF&I. They also came to control many furnaces throughout the country including E.G. Brooke in Birdsboro, PA.

Labor Incidents

Over the course of its history, the company has had numerous major labor disputes. CF&I was accused of brutality against the UMWA in a strike called by that organization in 1903-04. The best known strike culminated in the infamous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914. Evidence from CF&I’s archives reveals that the company infiltrated, propagandized against, and attempted to disrupt the Industrial Workers of the World, who had called a statewide coal strike, which resulted in another massacre of striking coal miners in 1927.

In 1997, the steelworkers union in Pueblo voted to strike over alleged unfair labor practices. The old CF&I facility, under new ownership, hired permanent replacement workers, leading to further tension between the new employer and the union.

External links

Bessemer Historical Society

http://www.osm.com/LocationsFacilities/RockyMountainSteelMills/tabid/71/Default.aspx

Companies portal

Categories: Ironworks and steel mills in the United States | Economy of Colorado | Pueblo, Colorado | Companies based in Colorado

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Economy of Antigua and Barbuda

Currency

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Fiscal year

1 April – 31 March

Trade organisations

WTO, CARICOM

Statistics

GDP

$750 million (2002 est.)

GDP growth

3% (2002 est.)

GDP per capita

$11,000 (2002 est.)

GDP by sector

agriculture: 3.9%, industry: 19.2%, services: 76.8% (2002)

Inflation (CPI)

0.4% (2000 est.)

Populationbelow poverty line

no data

Labour force

30,000

Labour forceby occupation

agriculture: 7%, industry: 11%, services: 82% (1983)

Unemployment

11% (2001 est.)

Main industries

tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

External

Exports

$214 million (2004 est.)

Export goods

petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%

Main export partners

Spain 29.9%, Germany 18.2%, Poland 13.9%, Italy 6.4%, Singapore 5.1%, UK 4.4% (2005)

Imports

$735 million (2004 est.)

Import goods

food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil

Main import partners

US 20.3%, China 15.7%, Singapore 12.2%, Germany 10.9%, Spain 6.3% (2005)

Public finances

Public Debt

$231 million (1999)

Revenues

$123.7 million (2000)

Expenses

$145.9 million (2000)

Economic aid

recipient: $2.3 million (1995)

Main data source: CIA World Fact BookAll values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars

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Antigua and Barbuda’s economy is service-based, with tourism and government services representing the key sources of employment and income. Tourism accounts directly or indirectly for more than half of GDP and is also the principal earner of foreign exchange in Antigua and Barbuda. However, a series of violent hurricanes since 1995 resulted in serious damage to tourist infrastructure and periods of sharp reductions in visitor numbers. In 1999 the budding offshore financial sector was seriously hurt by financial sanctions imposed by the United States and United Kingdom as a result of the loosening of its money-laundering controls. The government has made efforts to comply with international demands in order to get the sanctions lifted. The dual island nation’s agricultural production is mainly directed to the domestic market; the sector is constrained by the limited water supply and labor shortages that reflect the pull of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for about one-third of all tourist arrivals. Estimated overall economic growth for 2000 was 2.5%. Inflation has trended down going from above 2 percent in the 1995-99 period and estimated at 0 percent in 2000.

To lessen its vulnerability to natural disasters, Antigua has been diversifying its economy. Transportation, communications and financial services are becoming important.

Antigua is a member of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) issues a common currency (the East Caribbean dollar) for all members of the ECCU. The ECCB also manages monetary policy, and regulates and supervises commercial banking activities in its member countries.

Antigua and Barbuda is a beneficiary of the U.S. Caribbean Basin Initiative. Its 1998 exports to the U.S. were valued at about US $3 million and its U.S. imports totaled about US $84 million. It also belongs to the predominantly English-speaking Caribbean Community (CARICOM).

Economic History

Prior to colonization, several Amerindian groups inhabited Antigua and Barbuda, all of which relied on a subsistence lifestyle. British colonists established settlements in the islands in 1632. After fighting off the Caribs, Dutch, and French to stabilize their colonies, settlers grew tobacco, indigo, cotton, and ginger as cash crops. As on many other Caribbean islands, sugar cultivation became the most profitable enterprise, quickly surpassing other crops in economic importance. Due to the vast tracts of land needed for large-scale sugar production, rainforests on the islands were decimated. Timber from the rainforests was used in shipbuilding and…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about european kitchen cabinets, Chair And Table, . The MX9115 sofa products should be show more here!

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